Unauthenticated OS Command Injection in DrayTek Router Login

DrayTek Vigor 2960 firmware versions prior to 1.5.1.4 contain an OS command injection vulnerability in the CGI login handler that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting shell metacharacters into the formpassword parameter. Attackers can exploit unsanitized input passed to the otp_check.sh script to achieve remote code execution with web server privileges. Exploitation requires knowledge of a valid username and that the target account has MOTP authentication enabled.

Casky was already ahead

This CVE exploits attack patterns that Casky's 419matched skills already investigate — long before this vulnerability was disclosed. Claude's reasoning model maps these techniques to MITRE ATT&CK, so practitioners who ran these skills have already seen the threat behaviour in their findings.

Analysis

CVE-2022-50994 is a critical OS command injection vulnerability affecting DrayTek Vigor 2960 routers running firmware versions before 1.5.1.4. The vulnerability exists in the CGI login handler where the formpassword parameter fails to properly sanitize user input before passing it to the otp_check.sh script. This allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject shell metacharacters and execute arbitrary commands with web server privileges. Organizations relying on DrayTek Vigor 2960 routers for network edge security face direct risk of compromise, as attackers only need knowledge of a valid username to exploit this flaw. The high CVSS score of 8.1 reflects the severity: remote, unauthenticated exploitation leading to complete system compromise.

Casky's 419 mapped skills leverage Claude's extended reasoning to detect the attack patterns underlying this vulnerability across MITRE ATT&CK techniques TA0001 (Reconnaissance), TA0043 (Reconnaissance via web scanning), and TA0002 (Resource Development). Practitioners using Casky would identify detection opportunities at multiple stages: initial reconnaissance when attackers probe for vulnerable DrayTek instances, suspicious HTTP POST requests to the login CGI with malformed formpassword parameters containing shell metacharacters (backticks, pipes, semicolons), and subsequent command execution artifacts in web server logs. The platform's skill mapping would surface detection strategies for identifying obfuscated payloads, unusual process spawning from web server contexts, and network indicators associated with post-exploitation activity—enabling defenders to catch both initial exploitation attempts and lateral movement following successful compromise.

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Casky Risk Score

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EPSS Probability

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Shodan Exposure

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GreyNoise Signal

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419 Casky skills cover this attack pattern

These skills use Claude AI's reasoning model to surface findings in the same attack categories as CVE-2022-50994.

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

malware analysis · medium

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analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

threat intelligence · low

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analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

malware analysis · medium

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MITRE ATT&CK Techniques

TA0001 TA0043 TA0002

Investigate the attack patterns behind CVE-2022-50994

Casky has 419 skills that investigate the attack patterns behind CVE-2022-50994. Run one and get CVSS-scored findings in 3 minutes.

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